My column this week reported on the Seattle Art Museum's sale of $1.35 million in arttwo Hartleys and a Cassattlast spring.
Turns out that sale was not an anomaly. According to the Sotheby's November sales catalog, SAM is aggressively pruning its American collection in the hopes that clearing out the weeds will make way (dollars-wise, that is) for better, bigger purchases.
As is apparent by searching the Sotheby's web site, and as was reported first this morning by the Seattle Times, SAM stands to gain $1 million or more this month in profits from the sale of American art at Sotheby's. (SAM may also be selling work through other channels that don't have public search functions, but in reporting I've been doing since August here, here, and here, the museum has refused to disclose any information about other pending sales.)
The money will be used to buy more American art, but the museum isn't saying what major purchases it has up its sleeve.
According to the acquisitions list in the museum's 2004-'05 annual report, the only recent American gain, on a long list of African, Asian, decorative arts, modern and contemporary, Native American, and Olympic Sculpture Park gains, was a 10 3/4-inch by 7 7/8-inch oil on wood pulp paperboard work by Thomas Cole from circa 1845-1847, titled A Sketch: Catskill Landscape.
The only other category with just one acquisition listed is European painting and sculpture, which, like American art, is a weak area for SAM. Leonardos and their like are nearly priceless, so SAM can't pool enough resources to really alter its European collection. But obviously, the museum believes it can make headway in the department of cheaper and more available American art.
Is that true? And does SAM have its eyes on a particular prize? The museum isn't saying. My calls to American art curator Patti Junker todayand last week, when I asked to talk with her about the way the Hartley and Cassatt sales fit in to the larger picturehave gone unreturned. (To be fair, I understand Junker is out sick today, and I will report again after I hear from her.)
The prize had better be worth the sacrifice, said Seattle art dealer David Martin of Martin-Zambito Gallery, which specializes in late 19th- and early-20th-century American art. That hasn't always been the case at SAM, he said. He recalled sales in recent years of a painting by John Singer Sargent and a drawing by Mary Cassatt that were replaced by what he believes to be inferior examples of the artists' work. (SAM sold a signature mother-and-child Cassatt and purchased a portrait of the artist's brother that Junker has described as a "landmark" work, but which Martin says "looks like a taxidermist did it.")
The reason museums hate talking about sales is that not everybody agrees on what's dispensable. Hartley lover and scholar Patricia McDonnell recently said the loss of the two Hartleys this past spring is no tragedy. She referred to them dismissively, as "bad days at the office" for the artist, which seems to align with their slim exhibition history.
What's the comprehensive history of SAM's deaccessions? To some extent, it's publicly unknown, because the museum didn't decide to publish sales until I asked it to this summer, and it still hasn't come out with any, because its annual report is not expected again for several months. The history that can be gained is spotty and anecdotal.
In 1989, according to a report of museum activity written in 1999 by a museum employee (and passed to me by a source who has asked to remain anonymous), SAM got rid of nine American oil paintings by William Mason Brown, William Merritt Chase, Jasper Francis Cropsey, Thomas Doughty, Jonas Lie, Frederick Judd Waugh, John Singer Sargent, Guy Wiggins, and Irving Ramsey Wiles. Then-curator Patterson Sims "judged these paintings either second-rate or in poor condition," the report reads. "The museum realized $468,970.00 and the money was placed in a fund for the acquisition of American art." The money was used to purchase three works: the stained-glass window Peonies in the Wind with Kakemono Borders by John La Farge; the landscape Mount Rainier, Washington Territory by Sanford Gifford; and the Cleveland Rockwell seascape Smoky Sunrise, Astoria Harbor.
Asked to respond to this exchange, Martin says he finds it hard to believe that the La Farge, Gifford, and Rockwell were worth giving up the Chase, Cropsey, and Sargent forand he wonders whether they were sold at auction, given the relatively low profit for those household nameslet alone the whole compendium of names, some more obscure.
Speaking of obscure names, take Hovsep Pushman, the Armenian-born American painter of orientalist scenes who died in New York in 1966. Three Pushmans are on this month's block at Sotheby's, and a search on SAM's web site indicates "no results" under Pushman's name. Is SAM getting rid of Pushman altogether? No one's claiming that Hovsep Pushman was a genius, but is SAM aiming for just a greatest-hits collection? Is Pushman's orientalist link to SAM's world-renowned specialty, Asian art, for example, immaterial?
The eight American paintings now on the block include a few that Martin says it will be a "mistake" to get rid of, including John Marin's 1934 oil painting New York Abstraction (valued at $600,000 to $800,000),
Preston Dickinson's 1928 oil painting Still-Life No. 1 (valued at $150,000 to $250,000)
and the Pushmans, including The War God (1953, valued at $30,000 to $50,000).