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Wednesday, September 23, 2009

Marxism and Insects

Posted by on Wed, Sep 23, 2009 at 2:21 PM

From Capital:

A spider conducts operations that resemble those of a weaver, and a bee puts to shame many an architect in the construction of her cells. But what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in imagination before he erects it in reality.

Because Marxism is so anthropocentric, because it needs to expand its area of inquiry beyond human affairs, I have decided to start this little series: Marxism and Insects. Each post in the series will look at this and that behavior of a social insect (wasps, ants, bumblebees) and try to translate it into Marxist terms. By doing this, Marxism will gain a much needed cosmic element. My hope is that, post by post, we get closer and closer to a future world where all kinds of societies (stars, clouds, sneezes) are not outside but wholly within the realm of the most powerful form of social criticism known to human beings.


Let's not waste anymore time; let's begin with this insect, the honey bee:
bees.jpg What catches our attention (the attention of a Marxist) is not this insect's happy dancing business, nor the way it builds its complicated hive, but this dark and deadly practice:

The queen is normally the only egg producer in the colony and this condition is maintained by a pheromonal 'feed back' system, whereby worker ovary development is inhibited. The queen and the brood both produce pheromones that inhibit worker ovary development, which prevents individual workers from exploiting the system.

...When populations are large and the nest is physically widespread, the distribution of pheromones reduces at the outer edges, simply because of distance from the queen and brood as well as the larger area of the outer periphery of the nest. this gives rise to a condition of reduced suppression of ovary production... [And this gives] rise to an increase in worker laid eggs, but the numbers of drones arising from them is a very small fraction of those that are laid. 'Worker policing' is the mechanism that causes adult workers to eat 'worker laid' eggs, which are identified by other workers. It is speculated that normal queen laid eggs are marked with a pheromone that is produced by the queen, which is coated on the eggs as they pass over the sting sheath. Worker laid eggs are thought to lack this pheromone and are thus identified as such and eaten by the workers.

It has been suggested that aggression towards workers with activated ovaries is another potential mechanism of worker policing, but I am unsure whether this applies to workers being hoisted out of cells as they attempt to lay an egg or whether the aggression goes further and results it the fertile worker being damaged or stung.

To begin with, this policing of ordinary honey bees has an echo in the human world of today. Not too long ago, the Iranian police warned shop owners in Tehran not to display curvy mannequins. The reason given for the warning/ban is to "safeguard religious values and the Islamic revolution." Here we can easily dissolve the religious values/Islamic revolution unit into the image of a queen bee, and the mass of Iranian shop owners into a mass of worker bees. Indeed, Lord Martin Rees recently pointed out that since the revolution, "the fertility rate in Iran has fallen from 6.5 to 2.1." The sex policing seems to be working.


But it is ridiculous for us to think about human policing without considering worker bee policing. To see some of the reasons for one form of policing, will help us see some of the reasons for the other. Also, we have to read the queen's "pheromonal 'feed back' system" in the way Althusser read the ISA, the Ideological State Apparatus. When this mechanism of oppression and control (the Church, the media, the education system) fails to produce the desired behavior (or subjects), then it is replaced by direct police action: "Hey you!"


The next post will look at paper wasps.

 

Comments (15) RSS

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Will in Seattle 1
I always think of ants as being more Soviet Marxist - with an effete politburo (drones), Supreme Leader (Queen), and ruthless apparatchik (new queens).

Kind of like a friendly version of Red Bushie Socialism (aka neocon "capitalism")
Posted by Will in Seattle http://www.facebook.com/WillSeattle on September 23, 2009 at 2:31 PM
2
OH SHIT BEES ARE BLACK THAT MEANS THEY ARE REPRESSED.

I NEED TO SMOKE MORE CRACK AND FIND A PICTURE OF A FEMALE WHITE BEE.

Posted by MUCKDUCK on September 23, 2009 at 2:41 PM
3
Once again you're leaving out technology, learning, and culture. The ants and bees are 1,000,000 more successful and have a higher standard of living than other species who lack their division of labor and their learning and technology; the hive, the dance to communicate, etc.

So it's likely that you will wrongly predict ever worsening crises of bee-ism and fail to note that with proper social democratic reforms, the lot of the worker bees can be pretty good, for example, the Swedish bees all have the highest rate of "second hive" ownership in their little cabins on a lake, and are known to use their unemployment allotments of honey to cruise around Thailand for a while.
Posted by PC on September 23, 2009 at 2:42 PM
4
A system where almost no one gets sex, and the majority are forced into an androgynous state, with heterosexual dimorphism and display are rebuffed by cadres of "peers" that only serve the current hierarchy?

So you're saying...Seattle is a bee hive?

Posted by Karl von Frisch on September 23, 2009 at 2:43 PM
Vince 5
Our bees don't even have health care. Buzzzz!
Posted by Vince on September 23, 2009 at 2:45 PM
6
Of course, the eggs laid by fertile worker bees can only hatch into drones, which do no work in the colony on a day-to-day basis, drain the hive's resources, and are unceremoniously thrown out into the cold at the beginning of winter if they've managed to survive (i.e. haven't mated) until then. And if any substantial number of worker bees become fertile and begin laying, the subsequent preponderance of drones means the colony is doomed (really, factually doomed) within a generation. Is there Marxist significance to that?
Posted by Rachel in SA on September 23, 2009 at 2:53 PM
7
This is yet another example of why theory is a waste of time.
Posted by dwight moody on September 23, 2009 at 3:31 PM
Will in Seattle 8
@6 - or you can think of them as pr0n starz. Or artists. Same diff.
Posted by Will in Seattle http://www.facebook.com/WillSeattle on September 23, 2009 at 3:53 PM
9
Indeed, Lord Martin Rees recently pointed out that since the revolution, "the fertility rate in Iran has fallen from 6.5 to 2.1." The sex policing seems to be working.


I'll bet that has more to do with modernization and increased access to education (despite the fundamentalists' efforts to keep everyone stupid and servile) than sex policing. The most sexually restrictive societies frequently have the highest birth rates.
Posted by keshmeshi on September 23, 2009 at 4:03 PM
Charles Mudede 10
@ 9, i agree with your point. i was just taking piss on the police,
Posted by Charles Mudede on September 23, 2009 at 4:19 PM
Will in Seattle 11
oh, ok then, Charles.
Posted by Will in Seattle http://www.facebook.com/WillSeattle on September 23, 2009 at 5:06 PM
12
@9 Wikipedia bears this out. It just so happens that the drop in birth rate has far less to do with repressive Islamic values and far more to do with modern family planning:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_plan…
Posted by BigLab_Monkey on September 23, 2009 at 5:39 PM
13
Argh.

Wikipedia

Family Planning in Iran
Posted by BigLab_Monkey on September 23, 2009 at 5:41 PM
sirkowski 14
Wasps are anarchists.

Sure, they sort of have a political system. But really, they just want to break your shit.
Posted by sirkowski http://www.missdynamite.com on September 23, 2009 at 5:43 PM
15
@8, True, except the porn is all snuff...
Posted by Rachel in SA on September 24, 2009 at 7:09 AM

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