Did George Orwell completely lift the plot for 1984 from a book that he had previously reviewed, We by Yevgeny Zamyatin? That's what this story from The Guardian (via Bookninja) concludes.
"It is in effect a study of the Machine," Orwell wrote of We, "the genie that man has thoughtlessly let out of its bottle and cannot put back again. This is a book to look out for when an English version appears." He seems to have taken his own advice.
I guess the bigger question is whether it matters or not. At this late date, you can't make any claims on the idea of dystopian sci-fi, but was it new enough then that Orwell is essentially a plagiarist? (Personally, I prefer We to 1984, but I read them both so long ago that I can't necessarily get into specifics. Orwell's Down and Out in Paris and London and also, maybe especially, Keep the Aspidistra Flying, (kind of a British Catcher in the Rye) remain my favorites of his.)
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