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Monday, January 12, 2009

When Museums Sell Their Art: The Tackling of a Taboo

Posted by on Mon, Jan 12, 2009 at 4:57 PM

mural.jpg
Jackson Pollock's Mural, which cash-strapped University of Iowa administrators considered selling last year.

Last month two pretty shocking things happened in the museum world. One, the nation's best contemporary art museum considered subsuming itself in another museum but did not seriously or publicly consider selling art to keep itself afloat. Two, a far more obscure museum did sell two works of art in order to keep its lights on—and was publicly blacklisted by the museum community.

These are not isolated cases. Universities and libraries have tried (some successfully) to sell off artworks to square up their balance sheets. Other museums, like the Detroit Institute of Arts, are holding on to their van Goghs despite facing tens of millions of dollars in shortfalls. And it seems there is news every day about another museum's financial woes in this economy: today's exposed victim is the Denver Art Museum.

To people outside the art world, the math can seem obvious: If museums are sitting on all this valuable art, why don't they sell some of it to pay the bills?

That, as you can imagine, makes many art people scream.

Things tend to devolve quickly into shouting matches.

But do they have to? Is compromise possible? Can museums ever sell works of art except for the purpose of collecting more art (the current rule)? Where did that rule come from? And who is the best authority for determining whether sales that do fund other art purchases are in fact justified?

Into this controversy waded Jori Finkel, a writer from Los Angeles for the New York Times, whose story about the history, philosophy, and controversy of deaccessioning—"Whose Rules About Art Sales Are These, Anyway?"—appeared on December 28.

Now, in a taped phone interview with me, she takes an even broader look, talking about what didn't make it into her story and what her greater goals were in writing the piece.

She also directs attention to voices outside the usual suspects (which are also worth checking out for background here, here, and here): Michael O'Hare's public policy paper "Capitalizing Art Museum Collections: Awkward for Museums but Good for Art and Society," and Adrian Ellis's 2004 essay for The Art Newspaper, "A New Approach to the Deaccessioning Issue."

Once you start thinking about it, you can't stop. And the current rule seems both incomplete and overly restrictive. Surely there's an opportunity here for reasoned reform.

The entire podcast of Finkel's interview is here, but you can also click below to hear a snippet of her commentary:

 

Comments (14) RSS

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1
Could museums rent art out for a few years?
Posted by Simone on January 12, 2009 at 5:25 PM
2
It was the regents in Iowa who wanted to sell the Pollack mural (and a Rothko print, too) to pay for the massive flood damage on campus. The museum in which these pieces are normally housed, the art, theatre, and music buildings, the semi-private concert hall, the library, student union, dorms, and the building housing English and philosophy all were heavily damaged in the flooding.

However, it's hard to blame those who floated the idea. U of I is looking at $150 million dollars in repairs to start, and that is conservative, especially when that mural has a $136 million insurance valuation and the state in in a budget crisis.
Posted by Griffin on January 12, 2009 at 5:27 PM
3
In America, everything is for sale.
Posted by Urgutha Forka on January 12, 2009 at 5:31 PM
4
The University of Iowa listed Mural as a part of its "art collection" on its books for years. In the early 90's every museum was hit with a change from the Financial Standards Accounting Bureau [FASB]. Initially FASB wanted a monetary value placed on every work of art in an institution. The American Association of Museum Directors negotiated a compromise in 1993 where an institution can list its collection as an art collection on its books but Museum Directors like Phillipe de Montebello of the Met and Mimi Gates of SAM inserted the caveat "funds from works sold from the art collection can only be used for the purchase of works for the art collection". Since the University of Iowa carries Mural on its books as a part of its art collection, the monies raised from the sale could only be used to purchase other artworks for the collection.
It is not hard to blame that Regent who suggested the the U of I sell the painting. He never used it to teach art history or even understood that it being what it is draws people to the University of Iowa Museum of Art. TTo rob a museum of its crown jewel invites further looting.
Posted by Steven Vroom on January 12, 2009 at 5:43 PM
5
I've seen museum directors willing to sacrifice a lot of institutional integrity just to make those budget numbers for one year. If they are allowed to sell works in their collection for admin costs we will be left with museums with no works to look at. These will all end up out of the region or country and our culturally devoid society will be more so. Fiscal year budget goals are temporary problems, art is eternal. I think these directors should look at cutting their own salaries, their redundant staffs, their educational programs, and their banal community outreach programs to keep the integrity and longevity of their collections.
Posted by museums on January 12, 2009 at 5:48 PM
6
I always thought the outcry from the art world was because they were afraid of diluting the prices. "Art world" is just code for "speculative investors", right?
Posted by Fnarf on January 12, 2009 at 6:38 PM
7
Frankly, I can see selling the Pollack but you'll have to pry the Thomas Kinkades from my cold, dead hands.
Posted by Jubilation T. Cornball on January 12, 2009 at 6:56 PM
8
What happens to a museum's art collection when it goes bankrupt and shutters its doors?
Posted by jimmy on January 13, 2009 at 12:14 AM
9
sometimes artist types annoy the crap out of me...

the holy sacredness of the art is just going to have to take a back seat to the economic realities of being able to HAVE a museum in the first place.

Its not like someone is going to buy one of these pieces and set it ablaze in the backyard... they will clearly go to other more solvent museums or to private collectors.

HOnestly, it's right up there with the idea that the Vatican cant sell two or three of its gold chalices or bejeweled crosses to bring two or three AFrican countries up to a living food and medical system.
Posted by Womyn2me on January 13, 2009 at 5:09 AM
10
I think these directors should look at cutting their own salaries, their redundant staffs, their educational programs, and their banal community outreach programs to keep the integrity and longevity of their collections.


A little contradictory, don't you think? How are museums to preserve their longevity if they don't educate people about the importance and beauty of art? In 50 years, who's going to be interested in donating money to them?

I know that large museums have huge collections that never see the light of day. Do smaller museums not have extra works hanging around that could be sold off with less publicity/fuss?
Posted by keshmeshi on January 13, 2009 at 11:39 AM
11
Jen,

Thank you for this fascinating podcast. I admire your commitment to air all sides of a debate which does tend to get very polarized very quickly.

When I was a at the UW I took a graduate seminar called "Legal and Ethical Issues in the Visual Arts" from Dr. Patricia Failing. We talked a lot about these kinds of issues from as unbiased a position as possible, and I just wanted to let you know that she has a wealth of knowledge (and tons of archived articles) on the issue.

One thing I don't remember you guys talking about that I would add to the discussion is the issue of museums jeopardizing their ability to get works donated to them in the future. When collectors/potential donors catch wind of a museum's willingness to gut their own collections for operating costs, it poses a real challenge to their confidence in entrusting their objects to that museum in the future. One way to get "around" this is to attach all kinds of strings to your gifts (which some donors do anyway), which in turn hinder the museum's ability to use its own discretion in all kinds of curatorial matters, which ultimately cripples the institution as well.

Ethics aside, I think a dispassionate, reasoned case could be made that it is not often in the museum's best interest to sell off works. It might buy them time in the short term, but the tradeoffs can be ominous. There are no doubt some exceptions, which is where I think the ethical appeals come in.

That said, if a museum's curatorial focus has shifted so that the museum is no longer able to provide a good home for certain objects that end up tucked away forever in a storage unit somewhere, no one is benefiting. Maybe these are instances where, again, with the utmost TRANSPARENCY, deaccessioning might be a worthy option. Still, I like what you said about those objects representing a history that we should be hesitant to undermine. This is a sticky issue that would probably be best hashed out on a per-case basis.
More...
Posted by Emily on January 13, 2009 at 11:54 AM
12
@1, yes, they do, on a vast scale. See Guggenheim Bilbao (where the Basque government pays a fee for access to the New York collection), Museum of Fine Arts Boston/Nagoya, and, coming soon, Louvre Abu Dhabi.
Posted by Eric F on January 13, 2009 at 1:01 PM
13
SAM has a rental program, too.
http://seattleartmuseum.org/visit/visitR…
Posted by jen graves is a voice of reason on January 13, 2009 at 1:40 PM
14
@13 so can I rent a Monet?

@7 and they'll take my Keane paintings over my dead body!
Posted by MarkyMark on January 13, 2009 at 8:43 PM

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