Yesterday, the Seattle/King County Municipal League released a report finding that King County Metro's bus service is too expensive, that buses are frequently late and overcrowded, that the agency isn't sufficiently transparent, and that operating costs are growing much more quickly than service. The most interesting, underreported, and potentially significant finding, however, was that the formula Metro uses to allocate bus service hours is wasteful and woefully out of date. Currently, 40 percent of new Metro hours go to East King County, 40 percent go to South King County, and just 20 percent go to West King County, which includes Shoreline and Seattle. (The county adopted the policy, known as 40-40-20, in 2001, ostensibly because the suburban areas were growing faster than Seattle and weren't well served by transit). The vast majority of new Metro riders, meanwhile, continue to come from the West King County subarea, where population density is more than twice as high as in the East and South King areas. Transit ridership in the West subarea is three times that of the East subarea, and five times ridership in the south. Given all that, the Muni League report concludes, the 40-40-20 split "lacks an understandable rationale" and should be abolished in favor of a more rational, less politically motivated division of resources.
For riders, and Metro as an agency, the implications of a policy allocating bus hours based not on who could use transit in theory (suburbanites commuting many miles to work) but on who actually is using it would be enormous. For Metro, which is facing a $45 million shortfall, it could help balance the budget. Because so many suburban buses still run virtually empty (while urban buses are crammed past capacity), the cost per boarding in outlying areas is significantly higher—$7.27 in the East subarea, and $4.79 in the South, compared to $3.64 in the West. Shifting buses to the West subarea would make the system as a whole cheaper, more efficient, and more rational. For riders, it would mean more new buses where people actually want them—along crowded routes in urban areas, where many buses are running more than 20 percent over capacity. A change in policy would be a relief to riders who now wait half an hour or more to ride crowded, in-city buses—and at little cost to suburban routes that aren't in high demand to begin with.
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