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Wednesday, February 15, 2006

The Defining Freedom

Posted by on February 15 at 16:20 PM

David Summerlin, a frequent writer in our comments section, is a vocal critic of The Stranger’s decision to re-print the Danish Mohammed cartoons—which we did in the context of a piece about the uproar. That piece, “All the Rage: , is by Bruce Bawer, and it can be read here .

In response to my post earlier today, David S. wrote…

Of course you can talk about it as a “straight up freedom of speech issue.” Now, as then, that characterization would be oversimple and not quite accurate…

I take a contrary position to yours not because I oppose “free speech,” but because I consider your strategy impotent and showy. I don’t even oppose the republication of the cartoons — I only oppose republishing them in a reactionary context that escalates a dangerous holy war.

Yadda, yadda, yadda. David does go on. Our re-publication of the cartoons was not “reactionary,” whatever that means in this context. And, I’m sorry, but Danish, French, German, and American writers, editors, and bloggers are not guilty of escalating a “dangerous holy war,” it’s the idiots rioting in the streets (some of them on the orders of their governments), to say nothing of the Saudi clerics calling for the “trial and punishment” of the cartoonists who drew the original twelve images (some of which weren’t even of Mohammed), who are guilty of that. (You gotta love those Saudi cleric: try `em and punish them. Gee, if the cartoonists are already guilty, and punishment is a foregone conclusion, why bother with a trial?)

The publication of the original twelve cartoons was not a provocation; the rioting, burning of embassies, issuing of death threats, and calls for beheadings are. This is an assault on free speech—period. It is an attempt by the most reactionary, conservative, backward adherents of one the world’s most reactionary, conservative, backward world religions to impose their religious taboos on people who do not share their beliefs. That some, like David, are all too willing to grab ankles in order to avoid escalating a holy war that they intend on fighting whatever we do only proves that some folks don’t get it: If we start trimming our rights to mollify these religious bigots, where does it end? If freedom of speech is the first thing we’re willing to sacrifice, is there anything we’re willing to defend?

I was stewing about all of this on my flight to Portland. At the airport I bought the latest issue of The Economist. I was delighted to find this stirring, kick-ass, fuck-the-ankle-grabbers editorial—their lead editorial—in the magazine.

Freedom of expression, including the freedom to poke fun at religion, is not just a hard-won human right but the defining freedom of liberal societies . When such a freedom comes under threat of violence, the job of governments should be to defend it without reservation. To their credit, many politicians in continental Europe have done just that. France’s interior minister, Nicolas Sarkozy, said rather magnificently that he preferred “an excess of caricature to an excess of censorship”…

Shouldn’t the right to free speech be tempered by a sense of responsibility? Of course. Most people do not go about insulting their fellows just because they have a right to. The media ought to show special sensitivity when the things they say might stir up hatred or hurt the feelings of vulnerable minorities. But sensitivity cannot always ordain silence. Protecting free expression will often require hurting the feelings of individuals or groups, even if this damages social harmony. The Muhammad cartoons may be such a case.

In Britain and America, few newspapers feel that their freedoms are at risk. But on the European mainland, some of the papers that published the cartoons say they did so precisely because their right to publish was being called into question. In the Netherlands two years ago a film maker was murdered for daring to criticise Islam. Danish journalists have received death threats. In a climate in which political correctness has morphed into fear of physical attack, showing solidarity may well be the responsible thing for a free press to do.

There are many things western countries could usefully say and do to ease relations with Islam, but shutting up their own newspapers is not one of them

Go read the whole terrific, blistering, bracing piece here.


CommentsRSS icon

Excellent post, Dan.

I want to know: is the re-printing of photos and videos of the crimes of Abu Ghraib also flaming this so-called 'Holy War'? The U.S. government seems to think so and I couldn't disagree more.

Huah! Hellelujah! Go get 'em tiger.

I see you're still intent on believing I'm somehow _for_ trimming your rights or sacrificing liberties. But you go right on ahead and spin spin spin, and maybe we can get that holy war going.

I wonder which we'll run out of first: money, bullets, or brown-skinned boys lining up to take one for Allah? The suspense is terrible.

David, I guess, then, despite the reams you've written, that I don't quite get what it is you're for.

Publish or not? If not, why not?

25 words or less.

But what the hell is this supposed to mean: "I wonder which we'll run out of first: money, bullets, or brown-skinned boys lining up to take one for Allah? The suspense is terrible."

It seems to stronly imply that you feel we should shut up, be good, not do or say or print anything that might offend the most conservative Muslim on earth, for fear of it leading to violence. So, I get it: you're against state censorship, but not all that passionately opposed. You're for self-censorship, though—cartoonists should think first of the bomb throwers before they doodle? Film-makers should first consider the delicate sensibilities of the kind of men who stab a man to death on a street corner because they didn't think his last film flattered their religion? And writers and editors should take conflict-avoidence" as our first and most sacred mission?

That's what your for?

I've already given you 1,099 words, plus posts that apparently go on. But here's the 25 word rub on what I'm _for_:

Publish or not; either can be okay. If yes, publish context that harvests support of pro free speech Muslims. If no, publish editorials doing same.

Because I do go on, here's what I'm against:

1- Alienate/insult entire communities.
2- Demand everyone else do the same.
3- Insist that hysterical exaggeration of actual threat is the only reasonable response.
4- Issue call to arms against absurdity.
5- Hope like hell you can prevail against insurmountable odds with 1/5 of the world population indifferent to your struggle.

Clarify things for you? I'm off to grab some ankles.

you feel we should shut up
No.

be good
Yes.

not do or say or print anything that might offend the most conservative Muslim on earth
I don't care about what fundamentalists find offensive -- I assume it is everything.

you're against state censorship
Yes.

but not all that passionately opposed
I recognize its existence.

You're for self-censorship
Depends on the circumstances.

cartoonists should think first of the bomb throwers before they doodle?
Not out of deference to them. Have I even once implied the cartoonists are to "blame?" No.

Film-makers should first consider the delicate sensibilities of the kind of men who stab a man to death on a street corner because they didn't think his last film flattered their religion?
Sounds like an interesting film. See part 2 in previous response.

And writers and editors should take conflict-avoidence as our first and most sacred mission?
I sure don't.

Speaking of the Economist, there's a great article in the same issue that explains why Democrats are wrong when they predict that 2006 will be their 1994.

In '94, the article correctly points out, the Republicans were all on the same page about the issues. That's what powered the the Contract w/ America as an effective p.r. tool. In contrast, the 2006 Dems are all over the map... especially on the defining issue of the day: The War in Iraq.

As for the cartoon thing. Savage is right. Summerlin is wrong.

In keeping with your fine decision to publish images that make up the context of news stories, I encourage you to be the first publication to print the images released on the SBS show in Australia called Frontline.

You may remember the ACLU lawsuit to release the remaining Abu Ghraib photos. The ACLU won their case a couple months ago only to have that decision appealed. The administration's sole position is that release of these pictures will further stir up anti-US sentiment.

These pictures are disgusting. Yet, it's the responsibility of all citizens to view them to see what our government is doing in our name. I'm interested to see just how many papers publish these photos now that they have been leaked despite the pending decision on our right to see them.

http://news.sbs.com.au/dateline/index.php?page=archive&daysum=2006-02-15

The same point was made RE: 94 GOP v. 06 Dems on Meet the Press last week... and I didn't have to thumb through a simpy pseudo-intellectual liberal rag to learn it...

RE: To Publish, or Not To Publish...
Doesn't any one find it the least hypocritical that the same Arab governments protesting most vehemently about the Danish cartoons are those that have most systemically tried to persecute and stamp out all minority religions within their nations (not to mention the first to castigate all things Jewish)?

Also, we're not talking about pissing off an ENTIRE faith or culture here, Dave. We're talking about extremists and sects within that faith (not all Muslims subscribe to the "no depiction of Muhammad" dogma).

Publish, dammit, publish...

To paraphrase slightly, David S. says he doesn't believe in "alienating and insulting entire communities." This again comes back to a definition of community that I addressed in a response to Eli last week. If the "community" that you're talking about is African-Americans or women, we'd have a debate on our hands, because those are set identities, not chosen beliefs. But there are many Arab intellectuals -- Fouad Ajami, to name a prominent example -- who understand the need to not excuse fundamentalism and to vigorously defend our view of the world. Due to the fundies' tactics, that defense is clearly going to mean direct conflict, and even conflagration, from time to time. Are we not allowed to fight even REAL fire with strong rhetorical fire?? The thing that astonishes me, David, is that you seem to believe that more compassionate and historically-minded editorials in The Stranger would somehow have a positive material effect on the problem. Have you never met a fundamentalist of any stripe? I'm not saying that taking them on will yield immediate and satisfying results, but it's the only conscientious thing to do if babying them and keeping quiet in the face of their violent threats is the alternative. If you think you can't be incredibly firm about this confrontation without offending an entire community of people, I really suspect there are a number of moderate Muslims (not to mention secular Arabs) who would disagree. It seems to me the only community we'd be offending is the community of murderous religious lunatics, and having been in Manhattan on Sept. 11, to name but one example, I've been offended enough by them that I don't have many qualms about returning the favor.

Are we not allowed to fight even REAL fire with strong rhetorical fire??

I try not to confuse provocative speech with merely inflammatory speech. I thought the Bawer piece was more inflammatory than provocative.

you seem to believe that more compassionate and historically-minded editorials ... would somehow have a positive ... effect. Have you never met a fundamentalist of any stripe?

Yes. They are a lost cause. There is absolutely no use in doing anything to try to make them believe differently than they do. Our only hope is to approach the problem of fundamentalism without fear, with calm reason, and attempt to minimize its spread, and over time reduce its incidence. We do this with a steadfast refusal to play into the hands of the fundies, and by staying focused on people who are not a lost cause.

We have fought "terrorism" with fire for the last few years. I would argue that we have created more terrorists than we have killed. I said it would happen then, and I see no evidence that I was wrong.

Again, the alternative is not "keeping quiet." I don't know how many times I should point out that I have no desire to appease the fundies. The argument has very little to do with compassion, even. It's all about strategy.

John, I reject your argument that religious identity does not constitute a community. It simply is a heterogeneous community. Of the sane members of that community you are writing off some unknown percentage. I am not.

Finally, I see more people jumping on an anti-Islamic bandwagon that is based on fear. Fear banishes reason. Fear drives the fundamentalists, too. We are fighting fear with fear, and rhetorically dressing it up as something noble.

I say no. It's just ugly.

Mr. Summerlin.
So where do you stand on the issues?
I can agree with your rhetoric, such as:

"Our only hope is to approach the problem of fundamentalism without fear, with calm reason, and attempt to minimize its spread, and over time reduce its incidence. We do this with a steadfast refusal to play into the hands of the fundies, and by staying focused on people who are not a lost cause."

But I have no idea what it means in practice. In fact it sounds to me consistent with republishing the cartoons, as one example an act which I understand you oppose.

So what exactly do you propose we do?


They're pushing on free speech. Free speech is worth pushing back—and pushing back hard—to defend. Giving ground on this issue only emboldens the fundies, David.

And, as another poster said, the 'toons don't piss off entire communities, or 1/5 of the planet. They piss off Islamic fundies and fascists and we should be proud of pissing those people off, just as we're proud to piss of Christian fundies here at home.

Dan, you seem to love throwing off lines like "[Islam is] one the world’s most reactionary, conservative, backward world religions..." Really? Christianity, and our "in god we trust" government seem just as "reactionary, conservative, and backward." And yeah, violent. When did it become acceptable to bomb civilian structures (and civilians) in hopes of taking out an opposition target?

Anyway, both you and David keep making interesting points, but I'll trust someone who can see shades of grey more every time. Yay David!

Actually, when looking at the masses of people who are committing acts of violence, one should not assume that all of them are fundies. In fact, the majority of them may not be fundies at all.

Sure, the fundies are the ones that fan the flames with the aid of governments. However, such mob behaviour (not unknown in our own country) is most likely composed of people with a wide variety of positions on religion and politics. Many of the "protesters" are probably just letting loose their anger towards the west and/or towards U.S. policies in particular. Some could even be letting loose anger that they feel towards their own government (that which they cannot express due to fear of reprisal). And, as with any good mob, there are bound to be a small number who just enjoy some mindless arson (like attending a Great White show).

The fundies are likely really a very small portion of the people who are rioting. There are probably some fundies who are not even moved to riot. Look in our own country and you will see that fundies themselves come in variety of styles.

"Our only hope is to approach the problem of fundamentalism without fear, with calm reason, and attempt to minimize its spread, and over time reduce its incidence. We do this with a steadfast refusal to play into the hands of the fundies, and by staying focused on people who are not a lost cause."

David, I agree with the above, and it's well said. I'm just not sure why it precludes also republishing the cartoons. If riots keep us from making a stand for speech, how does that stop the spread of fundamentalism? I just see that as strengthening it. I suppose there's no way to know for sure, but that's just my instinct.

Cool post over at Power of Narrative: The Freedom to Foster Hatred. Excerpt from a Salon article:

"Make no mistake about it: The recent West versus the Muslim World contention over 12 ignorant and offensive cartoons is not about freedom of expression and its limitations. It is first and foremost about the bleak reality of a great many powerful forces -- on both sides of the Atlantic, north and south of the Mediterranean and all the way to the Indian Ocean -- having a decided stake in perpetuating and escalating the so-called clash of civilizations, even if for a whole range of very different reasons. This is no conspiracy but, rather, an ugly convergence of equally repugnant interests.

[snip]

"Triggered by cartoons, the latest episode of the clash of civilizations is the caricature of a caricature, one in which our fundamental humanity is diminished, the almost limitless richness and diversity of that vast world of the intellect and the imagination that we call culture is flattened and shadowed over, the profound commonality of our human condition rubbed out, until finally all that remains is the horrible and the grotesque: the "liberal" West represented by a T-shirted female American soldier holding a prone and naked Arab on a leash, and the 'devout' Arab/Muslim world represented by a masked and hooded terrorist holding a knife to a hostage's neck under a banner of 'God is great.'"

From the blogger:

"To be absolutely clear: you unquestionably have 'the freedom to foster hatred,' if that is what you choose to do. But if that is indeed your choice, don't dress it up as a noble and valiant fight for freedom of speech and for 'Western values' -- unless, of course, you think that accurately represents 'Western values.'"
It is true The Stranger ran the cartoons in response to the mainstream media's self-censorship, and for that, I give this paper the benefit of the doubt.

To me what's more disturbing is the effort of some Western governments to curtail freedom of speech in the "civilized" portion of the globe, from Britain's">http://www.guardian.co.uk/frontpage/story/0,,1710759,00.html>Britain's banning of the "glorification of terrorism" (does that mean no more gloating about the Sons of Liberty?) to the prosecution of Holocaust-denier, David Irving, in Austria.

Will we see a serious journalistic attempt from the Stranger to deny the Holocaust, because no other reputable US paper will?

I feel bad about offending moderate Muslims. Muslims in Denmark tried to protest peacefully. They tried to appeal to the prime minister and were rebuffed.

Unfortunately, the extremists in the Middle East have changed the debate. If they hadn't rioted and torched embassies, reasonable people could have had an important discussion about the responsibility of newspapers not to go out of their way to offend religious minorities. Now, the debate is about our right to free speech, not only to be free from governmental restriction, but to be free from death threats and violence from individuals.

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